The study focuses on investigating the influence of initial pores on the mechanical behavior of vesicular amygdaloidal basalt using a stochastic three-dimensional modeling method. The proposed modeling method considers calculated porosity

volume parameters

shape parameters

angle parameters

and structural parameters. Subsequently

five-factor and five-level orthogonal numerical simulations under uniaxial compression are conducted to analyze stress‒strain curves

damage modes

and failure characteristics. The calculated porosity

angle parameters

and structural parameters are found to strongly influence the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and elastic modulus of the rock. Specifically

the UCS and elastic modulus exhibit negative correlations with calculated porosity and angular parameters

while showing positive correlations with structural parameters. Weak correlations are observed with the remaining factors. The percentage of plastic strain in the stress‒strain curve of vesicular amygdaloidal basalt is noted to increase with increasing model porosity. The damage mode shifts from a single-shear surface

multiple-shear surface to local crush damage. Additionally

the rock transitioned from brittle to ductile failure. It is identified that a porosity of 5% and 12.5% can be approximated as critical values for the strong brittle‒brittle‒ductile transition. The established damage statistical constitutive equation is found to better predict the mechanical behavior of vesicular amygdaloidal basalt based on the initial pore. This suggests the potential importance of determining the mechanical properties of porous rocks in basaltic formations.