In order to measure the hidden danger of groundwater leakage under natural and artificial flow fields accurately

a new method of hydrogeological logging—sonar seepage vector method is proposed from the point of view of energy measurement. The basic principle

prototype instrument and measurement procedure are introduced systematically. Based on the principle of time difference measurement

the sonar seepage measurement instrument and display and control software have been developed independently

which combine many new technologies such as vector sonar technology

aeronautical orientation technology

pressure conduction technology and GPS locating technology. The sonar seepage measuring instrument can accurately determine the leakage location

leakage passage

flow velocity

flow direction

flow rate and other quantitative indicators. The foundation pit of diaphragm wall in water-rich stratum is studied as an engineering case. The three-dimensional visualized imaging system of seepage field is established to reveal the distribution of three-dimensional seepage field so as to dynamically guide seepage control design of foundation pit

leakage treatment. The effect of leakage treatment is verified by repetition test. The results show that sonar seepage vector method can locate leakage defects in underground engineering accurately

and the test results meet the needs of seepage control in engineering fully in the absence of strong noise interference. The early warning and grading criteria of leakage risk for foundation pit are put forward

which are mainly based on seepage velocity and supplemented by single hole seepage flow rate and permeability coefficient. At the same time

treatment measures must be taken in advance for avoiding leakage risk effectively by combining geological survey

monitoring

in-site inspection

emergency disposal with other means and mutually validation.