Based on traditional empirical equations for calculating vertical displacements of sands during tunneling in sands

effect of tunneling on nearby pile foundation in respect of axial force in sands is investigated. According to ground and subsurface settlement troughs induced by tunneling in sand

a simplified calculating method for evaluating effect of tunneling in sands on axial force of nearby piles is firstly proposed by considering nonlinear pile-soil interaction. Meanwhile

the two-step method was adopted and the nearby piles were taken as vertical passive piles. The results calculated using the simplified method is then compared with experimental results obtained from geotechnical centrifuge tests

which validate the rationality of the proposed method. In addition

many influence factors

including tunnel cover

tunnel diameter

distance between tunnel and pile

tunnel volume loss

pile length and pile diameter are also investigated during the study. It has been found that the axial force of pile decreases with the increase of tunnel cover thickness

while increasing with the increase of tunnel diameter and soil volume loss ratio. The axial force reaches to the maximum value when the distance between tunnel and pile is approximately 2.5 times of the tunnel diameter. The axial force of pile increases with the increase of pile length and pile diameter.