More attention has focused on the issue of shallow tunneling across pile foundation.In this paper

a two-stage approach is used to analyze axial forces and displacements of pile caused by shallow tunneling.Free-field tunneling-induced ground moving is estimated based on an analytical solution given by Loganathan and Poulos（1998a）.A simplified finite difference formulation is then developed

based on the Winkler model of soil reaction

for computing the pile response induced by the estimated free-field ground movements.Finally

a case history has been studied with both the proposed two-stage approach and a complete finite element analysis.The results obtained by both methods are in fair agreement.Because the simplified method does not need complex model

it can be used well in engineering.