Long-term loading in hydropower reservoir areas can induce regional land subsidence and sustained depletion of deep groundwater storage.Taking the reservoir area of the Zecheng Xian Hydropower Station in Shanxi Province as the study area

this study integrates GRACE satellite gravimetry inversion with interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR) to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of groundwater storage(GWS) and surface deformation characteristics.Results show that from 2015 to 2024

83% of the study area exhibited persistent negative GWS anomalies

with rates of change ranging from-20 mm/a to 5 mm/a

confirming a systemic imbalance dominated by groundwater overexploitation.InSAR analysis indicates vertical deformation rates ranging from-90 mm/a to 45 mm/a

with the spatial variability of deformation strongly associated with hydropower station operations and agricultural irrigation.