To investigate the dynamic mechanical response

energy consumption characteristics

and failure modes of stones under different loading modes

this study selects complete sandstone specimens and five sandstone specimens with different fracture angles for SHPB uniaxial and dynamic impact tests under dynamic static combination. The experimental results show that the uniaxial impact specimen exhibits post peak plasticity

while under the combination of dynamic and static conditions

the specimen shows post peak rebound. The confining pressure causes the rock specimen to have brittle transition characteristics

and a certain magnitude of confining pressure can improve the specimen' s resistance to external loads. The presence of cracks will degrade its ability to resist external loads to varying degrees

but will not affect the failure mode. The compressive strength of the specimen under dynamic and static combination decreases with the increase of cyclic impact times

and the internal damage gradually intensifies. In the process of energy distribution during impact fragmentation

cracks such as “faults” under uniaxial impact affect reflected and transmitted waves

but there is no significant relationship between energy dissipation rate and crack angle. Under the combination of dynamic and static conditions

as the number of cycles increases

sandstone specimens with different fracture angles exhibit a gradual increase in energy dissipation rate and energy absorption per unit volume

indicating that cyclic impact causes cumulative damage to the specimens from an energy perspective.