Based on the previous studies on Simpson's paradox or other common statistical paradoxes

this article explores in depth the potential regional grouping paradox

mean paradox

and absolute value dimension paradox in water conservancy construction investment statistical data. It proposes defense strategies in the data collection stage

technological improvements in the data review stage

method upgrades in the data analysis stage

cognitive correction in the data interpretation stage

and guarantee mechanisms for data authenticity. The aim is to help data users understand the essence of data

avoid statistical paradoxes and traps in the process of water conservancy construction investment data analysis and interpretation

improve the quality of water conservancy statistical data

achieve efficient use of statistical data

and truly “let data speak”.