As a critical interface between land and sea

estuaries hold strategic importance for advancing regional ecological civilization construction and supporting sustainable economic development. In recent years

the rapid growth of development activities in estuarine regions has placed increasing pressure on their governance and protection. This paper begins with an analysis of the institutional system and demands of estuary protection and management

and identifies key challenges

including river regime changes

fragmented management of shoreline and water area

ecological degradation

and the growing tension between development and conservation. In response to these challenges

the study proposes a series of targeted countermeasures including strengthening the legal and regulatory framework for estuary management

improving integrated estuary planning systems

establishing a multi-agency collaborative management mechanism

enhancing capacity-building in estuary management

and ensuring the sustained ecological functioning of estuarine systems. These strategies provide boththeoretical guidance and practical approaches for improving the estuary governance system in China

and offering valuable reference for future academic research and policy practice.