Systematic analysis of exemplary achievements in river management abroad can provide comprehensive experience and reference for river management in China. This article explores the ecosystem evolution of the Thames River from the Industrial Revolution to the present day

and describes in detail the key stages of pollution control and ecological restoration of the Thames River. Before the Industrial Revolution

the Thames River had a healthy ecosystem and clear water bodies. Since the second half of the 18th century

with the discharge of a large amount of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage

river pollution has become increasingly severe. The “GreatStink” erupted in the summer of 1858 prompted the government to strengthen river management and promote the construction of modern sewage discharge systems and pumping stations. In the 1960s

through comprehensive legislation and technological innovation

the water quality of the Thames River gradually improved. In recent years

through the implementation of modern engineering such as the Thames Tide Tunnel

115 species of fish have reappeared in the Thames River

and clean species such as water voles

brown trout

dragonflies

and mayflies have also returned to the River. Exploration of the ecosystem evolution process of the Thames River can provide reference and inspiration for China's river ecological restoration.