Gas-liquid discharge

as a representative form of plasma discharge

has attracted significant attention in recent years for its potential in green energy conversion. By generating high-energy electrons

free radicals

and other reactive species

the discharge enables a range of high-energy chemical reactions under ambient conditions. This review provides an overview of the fundamental principles

reactor configurations

and key influencing factors of gas-liquid discharge

with a particular focus on its applications in CO2 conversion

nitrogen fixation

and biomass conversion. In CO2 conversion

the discharge enables the efficient production of value-added products such as carbon monoxide and organic acids. In nitrogen fixation

plasma activation facilitates nitrogen dissociation and promotes the synthesis of ammonia and nitrates. In biomass conversion

the discharge has been applied to pretreatment

hydrogen production

and liquefaction

demonstrating strong potential for resource utilization and chemical upgrading. The review also discusses current challenges in scaling up the technology and outlines future directions in energy chemistry and sustainable development.