Partial discharge (PD) is a critical early indicator of insulation degradation and fault development in electrical equipment. Its detection and analysis technologies are applied throughout the entire life cycle of electrical equipment and serve as essential parameters for evaluating insulation condition. Over the past decade

with the deepening of PD research and practice

as well as the rapid integration of emerging technologies

PD detection and analysis techniques have achieved significant advancements. This paper systematically reviews major research achievements over the past ten years from following three aspects: PD detection technologies

localization methods

and pattern recognition algorithms. Moreover

this paper discusses the current challenges in practical engineering applications

including false alarms and missed detection in PD monitoring

insufficient accuracy of on-site defect pattern recognition

lack of dynamic PD diagnostic technologies

limited understanding of PD mechanisms under complex operating conditions

and emerging needs for PD detection and analysis in new application scenarios. Furthermore

this paper proposes that future work should focus on accelerating the engineering application of multi-parameter fusion detection and emerging sensing technologies

enhancing the practical applicability of artificial intelligence algorithms for practical defect identification

promoting research on dynamic PD diagnostic

and expanding PD detection and analysis methods for new scenarios.