1. 上海交通大学电气工程学院,上海,200240
2. 中国电力科学研究院有限公司,北京,100192
3. 国网上海市电力公司,上海,200122
4. 上海电缆研究所,上海,200093
收稿:2025-08-31,
纸质出版:2025
移动端阅览
金之俭, 丘明, 李红雷, 等. 中国高温超导电力应用技术研究进展与未来展望[J]. 高电压技术, 2025,51(8):4042-4059.
JIN Zhijian, QIU Ming, LI Honglei, et al. 中国高温超导电力应用技术研究进展与未来展望[J]. 2025, 51(8): 4042-4059.
金之俭, 丘明, 李红雷, 等. 中国高温超导电力应用技术研究进展与未来展望[J]. 高电压技术, 2025,51(8):4042-4059. DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20250655.
JIN Zhijian, QIU Ming, LI Honglei, et al. 中国高温超导电力应用技术研究进展与未来展望[J]. 2025, 51(8): 4042-4059. DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20250655.
高温超导材料因其高载流密度和零电阻特性而被视为下一代电力系统的革命性方向。中国在“双碳”目标驱动下,通过国家重大科技专项支持,已在超导材料研发、装备制造与工程示范方面取得系列突破。该文系统综述了国内高温超导电力应用及相关技术最新研究进展:在超导带材领域,以上海超导科技股份有限公司为代表的高温超导带材厂商已经率先突破了材料的卡脖子问题,国产REBCO带材超导涂层的工程电流密度提升至4 MA/cm2(77 K,自场),稳居世界前列;在超导电力装备领域,国内在超导电缆、超导限流器、超导变压器、超导电抗器、超导储能设备、超导电机及未来可控核聚变等领域,通过示范工程项目,如处于世界领先水平的上海1.2 km、35 kV/2.2 kA超导电缆示范工程,南澳岛±160 kV超导限流器示范工程等,以及国内高校企业间的产学研结合、优势互补,取得了突出成绩和显著成果。近年来随着未来能源行业的兴起,超导全产业链条联动,超导电力应用方向也出现了一些新的应用场景与趋势。然而,超导电力规模化应用仍面临低温系统可靠性、带材力学性能不足、全生命周期成本偏高等挑战。未来需聚焦高机械强度超导带材、新型制冷技术及多物理场耦合设计,同时探索新的商业化路径。论文研究可为国内超导电力技术的战略布局提供参考。
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials
with their high current-carrying density and zero-resistance characteristics
are recognized as a revolutionary direction for next-generation power systems. Driven by China's "Dual-carbon" goals and supported by national key R&D programs
China has achieved a series of breakthroughs in material development
equipment manufacturing
and engineering demonstrations. This paper systematically reviews the latest research progress of high-temperature superconducting power applications and related technologies in China as follows: in the field of superconducting tapes
high-temperature superconducting tape manufacturers represented by Shanghai Superconductor Technology Co.
Ltd. have taken the lead in breaking through the bottleneck problem of materials. The engineering current density of domestic REBCO layer has been increased to 4 MA/cm2 (77 K
self-field)
ranking among the top in the world. In terms of superconducting power equipment
great achievements have been made in the fields of superconducting cables
superconducting current limiters
superconducting transformers
superconducting reactors
superconducting energy storage devices
superconducting motors
and future controlled nuclear fusion
through demonstration projects
such as the world-leading Shanghai 1.2 km
35 kV/1.2 kA superconducting cable demonstration project
the Nan'ao island ±160 kV superconducting current limiter demonstration project
etc. The combination of production
education
and research among domestic universities and enterprises to complement each other's advantages
outstanding achievements and remarkable results have also been achieved. With the recent rise of future energy systems
new application scenarios and trends have emerged through the coordinated development of the complete superconducting industry chain. However
large-scale commercialization still faces challenges including cryogenic system reliability
insufficient mechanical strength of tapes
and high life cycle costs. Future development should focus on high-strength superconducting tapes
novel refrigeration technologies
and multi-physics coupling design
while exploring new commercialization pathways.This review aims to provide strategic insights for China's HTS power technology development.
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