With the large-scale integration of renewable energy into power systems

power transmission and transformation equipment faces challenges from extreme environments such as high altitudes and desert

Gobi and wasteland regions

as well as complex operating conditions including wide-frequency harmonics and multi-stress coupling. There is an urgent need to enhance the intelligence of equipment to improve environmental adaptability and operational reliability. This paper systematically reviews key technological advancements and challenges in the intelligent development of transmission equipment under renewable energy scenarios

and proposes technical pathways for high-reliability multi-parameter sensing and enhanced environmental adaptability. Focusing on multi-source state sensing technologies

this paper evaluates the effectiveness of wide-frequency domain measurement and multi-parameter sensing in the presence of harmonic interference and environmental degradation. Intelligent diagnostic algorithms are examined in typical scenarios such as transformer oil chromatography and ultra-high voltage/extra-high voltage (UHV/EHV) gas insulated switchgear (GIS) partial discharge detection. Technical bottlenecks

including sensor fusion design and long-term stability

are analyzed

and the future directions in highly reliable micro-sensors

integrated design

cross-physical domain coupling modeling

and intelligent early warning systems

are put forwrd. This paper provides a reference for establishing an intelligent system for power transmission and transformation equipment that meets the requirements of the new power system.