Oil-immersed transformers serve as core hub equipment in power grids. Insufficient structural strength of the transformer tank is prone to structural failure under extreme internal fault conditions

which may lead to severe explosion accidents and cause significant economic losses and social impact. Therefore

accurate evaluation of the explosion-proof performance of transformers via scientific methods and enhancement of their explosion resistance through effective technical means have become a pressing research issue. Among these

the structural failure process of the transformer tank is a key aspect of explosion-proof studies

as it holds significant theoretical and practical value for uncovering the failure mechanisms of tank structures and optimizing their design. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research progress in the failure of key transformer tank structures

and provides an in-depth analysis of the loading characteristics of transformer tanks under arc fault impact. Based on the structural features and failure modes of transformers

the paper examines the failure patterns of welded joints

threaded connections

and the tank body structure. Several explosion-proof design concepts are proposed

including improving the quality of welded joints

developing an integrated "buffer-release" threaded connection structure

and optimizing the application of new base materials. Targeted recommendations for structural optimization are provided accordingly. The research outcomes offer a theoretical foundation for explosion-proof design and design optimization of transformers.