Power transformer

as one of the indispensable core pieces of equipment for constructing new electricity system

plays a critical role in maintaining the safe and stable transmission of electric energy and ensuring energy security. However

current methods for perceiving and assessing the health status of power transformers face challenges such as insufficient utilization of physical quantity information

inadequate device reliability

and low diagnostic model accuracy

which hinder effective and timely warnings of severe defects that develop rapidly over short periods. This paper begins by analyzing the multi-physical field signal characteristics caused by severe defects of transformers

reviews the current research status of multi-parameter sensing technology

and evaluates the engineering application prospects of various sensing principles. Furthermore

this paper systematically organizes intelligent health status assessment technologies for power transformers

identifies challenges in deploying and applying intelligent sensors and health assessments

and outlines potential future research directions. The aim is to provide a reference for achieving sensitive perception and real-time insight into the entire chain of power transformers health status.