With the increase in the proportion of operating scenarios in complex environments

new requirements are put forward for the state perception of power cables. The existing sensing methods lack effective integration with the cable. This paper designs a 110 kV power cable with integrated built-in sensing optical fiber. The optical fiber is integrated with the structural characteristics of the power cable for integrated design

and a 110 kV power cable external disturbance detection method based on built-in optical fiber is proposed. A 110 kV internal optical fiber power cable is prepared

and the influences of the optical fiber layout position and the type of optical fiber outer sheath material on the cable performance are studied. The partial discharge test result of the prepared cable is 2.68 pC

and the withstand voltage test lasts for 30 minutes without breakdown. Three operating conditions of power cables are simulated

and the relationship between the distance of the external disturbance source and the system detection amplitude is obtained. The variational mode decomposition (VMD) adaptive optimization method based on the dragonfly optimization algorithm is constructed to optimize the modal decomposition number and penalty factor. The noise of the reconstructed signal is significantly alleviated

and the characteristic peak does not shift significantly. Finally

based on the Gramian angular field and recurrence plot

the feature information of the time domain signal is mined and fused

and the ResNeXt network with attention mechanism is used to identify external disturbance events. The results show that the designed 110 kV power cable with internal optical fiber meets the relevant electrical performance requirements

can accurately identify external disturbance events

and the macro-average F1-score is 0.99. The proposed method provides a new idea for the detection of external disturbances in operating power cables.