The rapid development of application scenarios

such as photovoltaic power generation

DC buildings and factories

and data centers

has continuously driven the increase in the rated voltage and short circuit capacity of low-voltage DC systems. Traditional low-voltage DC interruption technologies are facing significant challenges

making it imperative to develop new high-performance low-voltage DC circuit breakers. According to the different interruption principles

low-voltage DC circuit breakers are classified into three types

namely

mechanical type

solid state and hybrid. This paper reviews their latest research progress

with a focus on discussing the advantages and disadvantages

key performance parameters and existing challenges of each technology. To meet diverse application requirements

traditional low-voltage DC mechanical circuit breakers urgently need to address the contradictions between high voltage and few poles

large capacity and miniaturization

as well as long service life and intense arc conditions

among others. Solid state circuit breakers have the characteristics of arc-free operation and ultrafast interruption

while hybrid circuit breakers combine large-capacity fault interruption with selective protection capability. However

they also pose challenges in thermal management and mechanical-electronic coordination. Integrated design

limit-optimized design

and operational condition monitoring represent critical development directions for low-voltage DC interruption technologies.