With the "dual-carbon" goal

the multi-station integration opens up new opportunities for low-carbon planning in distribution networks. In this context

this paper presents a low-carbon planning method for distribution networks by integrating energy stations

substations

and data center. First

a multi-station integration framework is developed to model the data center’s electricity-heat-cooling energy consumption and demand response

energy station’s energy conversion processes

and substation’s waste heat recovery. Second

a low-carbon planning model is created based on the electric-thermal energy coupling between the energy station and the distribution network. This model uses probabilistic expectations to address uncertainties in photovoltaic outputs and loads

which the ADMM algorithm solves. Finally

a simulation using the improved IEEE-33 node confirms that multi-station integration

combined with demand response

significantly reduces both investment and operating costs

as well as carbon emissions of distribution network.