The desert

gobi

and wasteland region is a key area for the development of large-scale new energy bases in China; however

its typical arid and desert environment leads to a high frequency of sandstorm events

posing severe challenges to the safe and stable operation of wind power

photovoltaic systems

and transmission networks. This study provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the understanding of sandstorm-induced hazard mechanisms

risk early-warning technologies

and resilience assessment methods for new energy bases. From the perspectives of photovoltaic modules

wind turbine units

and power grid equipment

we systematically analyze the primary mechanisms including wind-sand loads

particle erosion

and insulator flashover

and elucidate the evolution of multi-device

multi-process coupled hazard chains driven by sandstorms. Based on a comparative examination of sandstorm observation and forecasting methods

we further summarize the overall progress and remaining challenges in sandstorm risk early-warning systems and risk evaluation tailored to new energy bases and the resilience assessment framework covering pre-disaster protection

in-disaster stress tolerance

and post-disaster recovery stages. Finally

key directions for future research on disaster perception and early warning

risk assessment

and resilience evaluation are discussed

with the aim of providing scientific support and technical references for safe operation

risk management

and planning decisions of new energy bases.