Integrated electricity-gas-heat energy systems can improve energy efficiency and support the integration of renewable energy by utilizing multi-energy synergy

serving as a central carrier to facilitate the transition of the energy structure and the "dual-carbon" strategy. However

the close coupling of electricity

gas

and heat systems increases the risk of fault propagation

where a local fault in a single subsystem can develop into a widespread multi-energy cascading failure (MECF). Considering this

this paper focuses on multi-scale simulation technologies for MECFs

systematically analyzing their typical features and scientific challenges

reviewing current research domestically and internationally

and identifying research gaps in dynamic failure modeling

efficient simulation computation

and cross-system awareness and prediction. Based on this

three key future research directions are proposed: 1) developing multi-scale simulation models for MECFs to capture the physics of local fault evolution and network-wide propagation; 2) advancing efficient and robust computational methods to solve high-dimensional

strongly stiff

and non-smooth systems; 3) establishing awareness and prediction techniques under significant information barriers to enable failure backtracking and assessment with limited data. This research aims to provide essential insights for establishing the safety defense theory of next-generation energy and power systems

offering theoretical support to ensure the secure operation of integrated energy and power systems.