Analytical Calculation of Symmetrical Fault Currents in Offshore Wind Power Flexible Low-frequency Transmission Systems Considering Converter Vector Control
海上风电经柔性低频送出系统故障暂态特性受换流器控制环节影响较大,现有故障电流计算方法忽略了计及控制的暂态过程而带来较大误差,给系统控保设备参数整定、故障穿越策略设计带来困难。为解决上述问题,该文提出一种计及低频线路故障点两侧风电机组网侧换流器与模块化多电平矩阵换流器(multilevel matrix converter,M3C)换流器矢量控制特性的故障电流解析方法。首先,构建计及故障后换流器主动调控作用的等效电源模型;其次,针对两侧换流器故障电流在故障电阻处的耦合问题,基于分区计算策略实现系统的有效解耦;针对M3C低频侧故障电流dq轴分量间的耦合问题,提出构造公共因子进行解耦运算的方法,实现计及双闭环控制响应暂态过程的M3C换流站dq轴电流解析计算;最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台与实时数字仿真(real time digital simulator,RTDS)试验平台搭建系统模型,验证所提方法的准确性,通过与现有故障解析计算方法对比,验证所提方法的优越性。
Abstract
The fault transient characteristics of offshore wind farms interconnected via flexible low-frequency transmission systems are greatly affected by the converter control links. Existing fault current calculation methods neglect the converter control-induced transient processes
leading to significant errors. This poses challenges for setting protection device parameters and designing fault ride-through strategies. To address these issues
this paper proposes an analytical fault current calculation method that accounts for the vector control characteristics of both the grid-side converter (GSC) of wind turbines and the modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C) station. Firstly
equivalent source models incorporating the post-fault active regulation effects of the converters are developed. Secondly
to resolve the coupling problem of fault currents from the two converter sides at the fault resistance
this paper implements an effective system decoupling strategy based on partitioned calculations. To address the coupling issue between the d- and q-axis components of the M3C low-frequency side fault current
this paper also proposes a novel method employing common-factor-based decoupling operations
which enables the analytical calculation of the M3C station dq-axis currents
accurately capturing the transient response of its dual-loop control systems. Finally
the model is built on both the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform and the RTDS experimental platform. The simulation and experimental results validate the accuracy of the proposed method. Furthermore
the comparison with existing fault analytical calculation methods demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach.