Accurate assessment of transformer winding short-circuit strength has important theoretical and engineering value. To address the issues of underestimation in stress calculation and lack of experimental validation in traditional static models based on winding discs

this paper first analyzes the influence of the stiffness effect of individual turns/strands within discs and the dynamic shock effect of short circuits on winding stress. These effects are then verified through finite element simulation

followed by an analysis of the mechanical distribution characteristics of the windings. Then

based on the stress distribution

a dynamic model of partial turns/strands of the winding taking into account the two effects is established to evaluate the short-circuit strength of the developed 10kV fiber-carrying transformer

and compared with traditional methods. Finally

short-circuit withstand tests are carried out on the transformer. The results show that individual turns/strands of discs will significantly reduce the winding stiffness and increase the stress by more than 90%; under the short-circuit dynamic force

the deformation of the middle part of the winding lags behind the end by about 1.2ms

and the deformation of each part of the disc lags behind the electric force by about 1ms. The inertial force and deformation hysteresis cause the stress to increase by about 90%; the evaluation results of this paper are consistent with the experimental measurement and deformation trend

but the traditional method seriously underestimates the short-circuit axial risk due to ignoring the winding structure characteristics and dynamic effects. This study overcomes the limitations of the static model based on discs and provides an important basis for the short-circuit strength assessment of transformers.