Renewable energy-based water electrolysis creates green hydrogen to make green ammonia

offering a solution for renewable energy consumption in the new power system. This electricity-hydrogen-ammonia system can be categorized into three pathways: coal-ammonia co-firing

ammonia fuel cells

and external green ammonia sale. In this paper

the electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupled energy system is modeled

and a multi-objective optimization method combined with a rule-based priority operation strategy is used to carry out configuration. This study analyzes the low-carbon and economic advantages and disadvantages of different paths by comparing the optimal schemes with the same criterion

and study the performance in terms of the system reliability and waste power improvement. The results show that

within the optimization range

the coal-power ammonia-co-firing and fuel cell paths can reduce carbon emissions to 0.358 and 0.184 kg/(kW·h)

and the cost of external sale path can be lowered to 0.313yuan/(kW·h); the loss of power supplied percentage of the fuel cell path can be up to 0.86%

and the potential energy waste percentage of the coal-power ammonia-co- firing path can be up to nearly 0%. Overall

the fuel cell path has low carbon emission intensity and high reliability

co-firing path has high waste power utilization

and external sale path is simple in structure and increases the revenue

but it is not suitable to be adopted at low waste rates. This study provide a reference for green ammonia-containing energy systems development.