In the process of moving towards the intelligent type

substations are faced with new models and problems such as the increase of system complexity

the sudden increase of network security risks

and the escalation of local faults to cascading faults brought by information physical coupling. By studying the dynamic behavior characteristics and strong coupling properties of physical equipment on the high-voltage side and information nodes on the low-voltage side

this paper constructs a cyber physical coupling model of the substation. Since the substation is vulnerable to external disturbances such as extreme weather and deliberate attacks

this paper proposes the disturbance modes covering resource disclosure

resource depletion

and resource destruction

and establishes a mathematical model of substation cyber physical system disturbances. Based on the resilience evolution mechanism at the substation time scale

this paper elaborates on three typical resilience assessment methods

differentially analyzes the applicable scenarios and typical tools of the assessment methods

and clarifies the resilience improvement strategies for the information side and the physical side. Combining the patterns of disturbance persistence and damage concealment

based on multi-physics field theory and cutting-edge technologies

this paper outlines the challenges in future resilience research.