Earth faults are common in the low-voltage distribution and consumption system (LVDCS)

posing threats to the safety of users and the reliability of power supply. In the context of the ongoing development and integration of smart distribution networks and power internet of things (IoT) technology

there has been a substantial enhancement in the availability of data resources in the LVDCS. This provides a crucial foundation for the sensing and locating of earth faults. The present paper offers a systematic review and an outlook on the current status and challenges associated with earth fault sensing and positioning technology in LVDCS. Firstly

the connotation of earth fault sensing and location technology is explained. The basic ideas of current key technologies for the earth fault sensing and location in LVDCS are sorted out and analyzed

and the limitations are summarized. It is revealed that the lack of available information is the main challenge in earth fault sensing and location. Subsequently

an analysis of existing research models and methodologies is conducted related to the earth fault sensing

with a focus on the analysis of earth fault current characteristics and earth fault localization through the joint drive of knowledge and data. Finally

a summary is provided of the status system of earth fault sensing in LVDCS

and the future research direction in the field of earth fault sensing and targeted positioning in LVDCS is outlined

including data resources integration

knowledge and data joint driving

and construction of ground fault sensing and positioning system.