The global temperature rises and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events induced by climate change will have significant impacts on the whole process of power generation

transmission and distribution

and load side of the power system. Most existing studies regard meteorological data as the boundary conditions of power planning and operation. However

few studies have focused on summarizing the key technologies of climate models and impact assessment of ‘source-grid-load’ in addressing the data requirements of emerging power system planning models. To bridge this gap

the study first summarizes the key technologies of climate models for predicting future meteorological data and extreme weather events. Second

from the perspective of long-term climate change

the typical application paradigms of climate change are reviewed in wind and solar potential assessments and load demand forecasting. Third

from the perspective of short-term extreme weather events

the mechanisms

and evaluations of their impacts—such as tropical cyclones

floods

extreme temperature events

and wildfires—are summarized on various aspects of the power system. Furthermore

the interplay and applications of climate models in power system planning are reviewed to address the needs of energy analysis

modeling

and resilience assessment. Finally

this study proposes research directions for power system planning for climate adaptation. The interdisciplinary integration of electrical engineering and meteorology is explored

offering insights for future research.