Spatially inhomogeneous distributions of current and temperature in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can accelerate electrode degradation and thermal mechanical failure. Analyzing the distribution characteristic and interaction mechanism of multi-physical fields is of great significance for improving the performance and extending the operational life of SOFCs. This paper uses a cathode-segmented SOFC for numerical simulation under isothermal boundary and heat transfer conditions to analyze the local distribution of the SOFC electrochemical characteristics. The uniformity index is used to evaluate the distribution characteristics of multi- physical fields under different working conditions. The results show that under isothermal boundary conditions

as the fuel utilization increases

the current density difference between SOFC segments reaches ~1 A/cm2@0.6 V

and the current uniformity index Fu drops from 0.888@0.8 V to 0.782@0.6 V

indicating an uneven current distribution. At the same time

after adopting the heat exchange boundary condition

the temperature distribution in the SOFC is significantly uneven

worsening the current distribution non-uniformity

and the Fu index drops sharply from 0.861@0.8 V to 0.498@0.6 V. When the fuel utilization reaches 90%

the Fu index drops below 0.80

indicating adverse working conditions. Therefore

the identification of local electrochemical characteristics and the quantitative analysis of multi-physical fields uniformity can effectively support the identification of adverse working conditions and the evaluation of the design optimizationand operation strategy of SOFC.