As aircraft evolve towards greater electrification

the limitations of traditional power system architectures are becoming more evident. To achieve the urgent demands for high-performance

high-efficiency

and cost-effective aircraft development in next-generation aviation

it is essential to explore innovative power system architectures and cutting-edge technologies. This paper begins by reviewing recent advancements in power generation and distribution systems

as well as the evolution of both conventional and emerging power system architectures. Based on the existing limitations and future development trends

the paper identifies the key challenges in designing next-generation power systems. In response to complex mission requirements

three advanced power system architectures are proposed

and their supporting technologies and corresponding research pathways are discussed in detail. Breakthroughs in these areas will significantly accelerate the autonomous and rapid development of power systems for new types of aviation vehicles in China

such as large aircraft

drones

and aerospace vehicles.