Under large fluctuations in renewable energy output

imbalanced regulation occurs in the area control error (ACE)

making it unable to accurately represent system frequency regulation requirements. This leads to conflicts between the automatic generation control (AGC) instructions for energy storage and the primary frequency regulation commands

causing low efficiency in the frequency response of energy storage. To address the limitations in current energy storage control strategies regarding frequency regulation demand allocation and coordination

this paper first analyzes the causes of command conflicts by examining the evolution process of energy storage frequency regulation conflicts. Considering conflict suppression and optimal allocation of frequency regulation commands

a hierarchical frequency control strategy is proposed

comprising three layers: the regional dispatch layer

command coordination layer

and energy storage optimization layer. The regional dispatch layer divides the frequency regulation demand into dead zones

normal regulation zones

and emergency regulation zones

and determines output targets for each zone to coordinate power distribution between energy storage and conventional units. The command coordination layer addresses both same-direction and opposite-direction adjustments of energy storage commands

and proposes dynamic coordination methods based on command priority and additional coordination coefficients to suppress conflicts. The energy storage optimization layer calculates weight adjustment coefficients to optimize output allocation among multiple energy storage units

considering their power and energy characteristics. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and validation with actual grid operation data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Results show that it achieves rational allocation and coordinated control of energy storage frequency regulation commands

significantly improving the stability and efficiency of grid frequency regulation.