Existing studies on load distribution at the plant level have neglected the problems of deviations from optimal solutions and potential infeasibility due to the dynamic changes of coal consumption characteristics and feasible operation region of heating units under real-time scheduling. Consequently

this paper focuses on thermal power plants in the northern region equipped with various types of heating units and proposes a real-time optimization model for distributing power and heat loads

considering the dynamic operation of the heating units. To address the effects of dynamic operational parameter changes on coal consumption characteristics in real-time unit operation

a correction coefficient is introduced into the traditional quadratic coal consumption characteristic function for extraction condensing units. Considering the dynamic changes in the power-to-heat ratio affected by the circulation water flow and return water temperature

which makes the secondary coal consumption characteristic function inapplicable

this paper adopts a consumption characteristic model based on fuel utilization efficiency for the back-pressure unit. To account for the impact of dynamic changes in real-time operating parameters on the feasible operation region of the unit

factors such as calorific value of coal blending

heat exchanger capacity of the heating network

and operational parameter limits of the unit are considered for real-time adjustments to the boundaries of the feasible operation region. Simultaneously

dynamic models are established for two key parameters: the steam extraction influence factor on power generation in extraction condensing units and the power-to-heat ratio in back-pressure units

ensuring the feasibility of the allocation results. The case study of a thermal power plant in the Northeast region verifies the necessity of incorporating the units' operating dynamics into real-time load distribution and the effectiveness of the proposed model.