华北电力大学经济与管理学院,北京市 102206
张金良(1981),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为能源经济管理,E-mail:50601913@ncepu.edu.cn;
程佳(1998),女,硕士研究生,通信作者,主要研究方向为微网系统容量优化配置,E-mail:cj18735520704@163.com。
收稿:2024-11-25,
修回:2024-12-31,
纸质出版:2025-10-01
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张金良,程佳.含沼气能发电的农村多微网系统容量配置双层优化模型[J].电力建设,2025,46(10):73-87.
ZHANG Jinliang,CHENG Jia.Dual Layer Optimization Model for Capacity Configuration of Rural Multi-Microgrid System with Biogas Energy Generation[J].Electric Power Construction,2025,46(10):73-87.
张金良,程佳.含沼气能发电的农村多微网系统容量配置双层优化模型[J].电力建设,2025,46(10):73-87. DOI: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2025.10.007.
ZHANG Jinliang,CHENG Jia.Dual Layer Optimization Model for Capacity Configuration of Rural Multi-Microgrid System with Biogas Energy Generation[J].Electric Power Construction,2025,46(10):73-87. DOI: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2025.10.007.
目的
2
为解决农村地区新能源系统容量配置问题,响应乡村振兴与低碳要求,提高可再生能源的消纳率,提出一种基于子微网间交互且考虑沼气能发电的微网系统容量配置方法。
方法
2
首先对农村多微网结构进行了分析,并建立一个包含了微网间能量调度策略的沼气能发电的多微网系统模型;其次建立含沼气能发电的多微网系统容量配置与运行协同优化双层模型,上层目标为多微网的年综合成本最小与可再生能源利用率最大,下层目标为多微网系统的运行成本最低,并利用粒子群算法结合Cplex求解器进行求解;针对微网系统成本,采用Shapley值法对各微网进行公平分摊。
结果
2
Matlab仿真结果和算例分析表明:所提引入沼气能作为发电单元,能够增加新能源的渗透率;所提农村微网间电能交互,新能源与储能的容量配置总体均有减少,降低了年投资成本,使得多微网从外部购买电能成本降低9%,售电量也呈下降趋势;采用Shapley值法对微网成本进行分摊,各微网实际成本相较于各微网独立运行场景下分别降低6.3%、2%、4.4%。
结论
2
所提含沼气能发电的农村多微网系统容量配置双层优化模型,使得年综合成本降低,减少了碳排放,增加了新能源的内部消纳,同时减少农村负荷侧对电网的依赖,能够实现经济性与环保性。
Objective
2
To solve the problem of new energy system capacity allocation in rural areas, respond to the requirements of rural revitalization and low carbon, and improve the rate of renewable energy consumption, a microgrid system capacity allocation method based on the interaction between sub-microgrids and considering biogas energy generation are proposed.
Methods
2
First, the structure of rural multi-microgrids was analyzed, and a multi-microgrid system model for biogas energy generation containing an inter-microgrid energy scheduling strategy was established. Subsequently, a two-layer model for capacity allocation and operation co-optimization of a multi-microgrid system incorporating biogas generation was established. The upper-level objective is to minimize the annual integrated cost of the multi-microgrid system while maximizing the utilization of renewable energy sources. Contrarily, the lower-level objective is to minimize the operating cost of the system. The model was solved using a particle swarm optimization algorithm combined with the CPLEX solver. To ensure fair cost allocation among microgrids, the Shapley value method was employed.
Results
2
Matlab simulation results and example analyses show that the proposed introduction of biogas energy as a power generation unit can increase the penetration rate of new energy. The proposed rural inter-microgrid power interaction effectively reduced the overall capacity allocation of the new energy and energy storage, thereby lowering the annual investment cost. It also decreased the cost of purchasing external power by 9%, although the amount of power sales was correspondingly reduced. The microgrid cost was apportioned using the Shapley value method, and the actual cost of each microgrid was reduced by 6.3%, 2%, and 4%, compared to the scenario of independent operation. Using the Shapley value method to apportion the costs of the microgrids, the actual costs of each microgrid were reduced by 6.3%, 2%, and 4.4%, compared with scenarios in which the microgrids were operated independently.
Conclusions
2
The proposed two-layer optimization model for the capacity allocation of rural multi-microgrid systems containing biogas energy generation resulted in lower annual integrated costs, reduced carbon emissions, increased internal consumption of new energy sources, and reduced dependence on the grid on the rural load side, which can achieve both economic and environmental friendliness.
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