德国煤电退出机制和电力安全保供的经验分析

吴迪; 王紫荆; 温灵; 俞露稼; 杨雷; 康俊杰

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202504028

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德国煤电退出机制和电力安全保供的经验分析

“十五五”电力系统源网荷储协同规划运行关键技术 | 更新时间：2025-10-29

- 德国煤电退出机制和电力安全保供的经验分析
- Analysis of Germany's Experience with Coal Power Phase-out Mechanism and Power Supply Safeguarding
- 中国电力 2025年58卷第10期页码：1-13
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 北京大学能源研究院,北京,100871
  2. 香港理工大学,香港,999077
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目（22JJD480002）;中国工程院咨询项目（我国碳达峰碳中和若干重大问题研究，2022-PP-01）。
- DOI：10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202504028
  中图分类号：
- 网络出版：2025-10-23，
  
  纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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吴迪, 王紫荆, 温灵, 俞露稼, 杨雷, 康俊杰. 德国煤电退出机制和电力安全保供的经验分析[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(10): 1-13.

WU Di, WANG Zijing, WEN Ling, et al. Analysis of Germany's Experience with Coal Power Phase-out Mechanism and Power Supply Safeguarding[J]. 2025, 58(10): 1-13.
吴迪, 王紫荆, 温灵, 俞露稼, 杨雷, 康俊杰. 德国煤电退出机制和电力安全保供的经验分析[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(10): 1-13. DOI： 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202504028.

WU Di, WANG Zijing, WEN Ling, et al. Analysis of Germany's Experience with Coal Power Phase-out Mechanism and Power Supply Safeguarding[J]. 2025, 58(10): 1-13. DOI： 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202504028.

摘要

随着德国能源转型的深入推进，加速煤电退出和促进高比例可再生能源消纳成为重点手段。德国煤电退出的顺利推进得益于全社会高度一致的退煤共识，以及政府灵活运用市场手段和行政命令相结合的政策工具。面对煤电逐步退出和可再生能源渗透率持续上升的双重挑战，德国通过不断优化可再生能源上网电价政策以及发挥平衡单元、跨国电网互济和常规电源的保供作用等措施，成功维持了电力系统高安全性与稳定性。本文深入分析德国煤电退出机制和安全保供的相关举措，归纳相关经验与教训，探讨德国实践对中国的借鉴意义，为碳中和背景下中国新型电力系统的构建提供有益参考。

Abstract

With the deepening of Germany's energy transition

accelerating the phase-out of coal power and promoting the integration of a high proportion of renewable energy have become key strategies. The smooth advancement of Germany's coal power phase-out can be attributed to a broad societal consensus on coal phase-out and the government's flexible use of a combination of market mechanisms and administrative directives. In response to the dual challenges of phasing out coal power and the continuous increase in renewable energy penetration

Germany has successfully maintained a high level of security and stability in its power system by continuously optimizing feed-in tariff policies for renewable energy

leveraging balancing groups

enhancing cross-border grid interconnections

and strengthening the supporting role of conventional power sources. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of Germany's coal power phase-out mechanism and its measures to ensure power supply security

summarizes relevant experiences and lessons

and explores the implications of Germany's practices for China. The aim is to offer valuable insights for the construction of a new power system in China under the carbon neutrality goal.

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