德国虚拟电厂发展现状经验分析及启示

吴潇雨; 曹雨晨; 孟鹤立; 刘林

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202408065

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德国虚拟电厂发展现状经验分析及启示

考虑分布式虚拟储能聚合的综合能源系统规划、运行和交易的关键技术 | 更新时间：2026-02-03

- 德国虚拟电厂发展现状经验分析及启示
- Analysis of the development experience of virtual power plants in Germany and its implications
- 中国电力 2026年59卷第1期页码：1-9
- 作者机构：
  
  国网能源研究院有限公司,北京,102209
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目（非常规事件下城市区域配电网-供气网-供热网耦合系统协同安全运行方法，52307088）;中国分布式可再生能源应用推广项目（促进分布式发电资源与虚拟电厂优化匹配的机制模式与支持政策研究，A1-CS-2023-004）。
- DOI：10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202408065
  中图分类号：
- 网络出版：2026-01-13，
  
  纸质出版：2026-01-13
- 稿件说明：
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吴潇雨, 曹雨晨, 孟鹤立, 刘林. 德国虚拟电厂发展现状经验分析及启示[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(1): 1-9.

吴潇雨, 曹雨晨, 孟鹤立, et al. Analysis of the development experience of virtual power plants in Germany and its implications[J]. 2026, 59(1): 1-9.
吴潇雨, 曹雨晨, 孟鹤立, 刘林. 德国虚拟电厂发展现状经验分析及启示[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(1): 1-9. DOI： 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202408065.

吴潇雨, 曹雨晨, 孟鹤立, et al. Analysis of the development experience of virtual power plants in Germany and its implications[J]. 2026, 59(1): 1-9. DOI： 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202408065.

摘要

随着新能源占比的快速提升，电力系统面临负荷低谷时段新能源消纳难、尖峰负荷时段电力保供难的困境，虚拟电厂作为需求侧资源开发利用的新兴手段备受关注。德国虚拟电厂已商业化运营多年，为借鉴其先进经验，分析了德国虚拟电厂发展背景、发展历程、建设运营主体以及主要盈利模式等基本情况。在此基础上，研究了德国在法律规范保障、市场机制、电价政策等方面对虚拟电厂发展的促进作用。通过对比中德两国的现状并总结经验，提出了中国虚拟电厂发展的相关启示与建议。

Abstract

With the rapid increase in new energy penetration

the power system faces difficulties in integrating new energy during off-peak load periods and challenges in ensuring power supply during peak load periods. As an emerging means for developing and utilizing demand-side resources

virtual power plants (VPPs) have attracted significant attention. German's VPPs have been in commercial operation for many years. In order to learn from its advanced experience

this paper analyzes the basic situation of Germany's VPPs development

including its background

development history

construction and operation entities

and main profit models; On this basis

the paper investigates the promoting effects of Germany's legal norms

market mechanisms

and electricity pricing policies. By comparing the current situation of China and Germany and summarizing the experience

relevant implications and suggestions for the development of VPPs in China are put forward.

关键词

Keywords

references

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