Age-of-information-aware PI controller for load frequency control

Dan Jiao; Changzheng Shao; Bo Hu; Kaigui Xie; Chengrong Lin; Zhuoxuan Ju

doi:10.1186/s41601-023-00311-z

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Age-of-information-aware PI controller for load frequency control

Original Research | 更新时间：2026-09-30

- Age-of-information-aware PI controller for load frequency control
- Age-of-information-aware PI controller for load frequency control
- 现代电力系统保护与控制（英文） 2023年8卷第3期页码：1-15
- 作者机构：
  
  1. State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security, Chonaaina University, Chonaaina,China
  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University,, DC,Washington,USA
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.1186/s41601-023-00311-z
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2023-07-01
- 稿件说明：
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Dan Jiao, Changzheng Shao, Bo Hu, 等. Age-of-information-aware PI controller for load frequency control[J]. 现代电力系统保护与控制（英文）, 2023,8(3):1-15.

Dan Jiao, Changzheng Shao, Bo Hu, et al. Age-of-information-aware PI controller for load frequency control[J]. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2023, 8(3): 1-15.
Dan Jiao, Changzheng Shao, Bo Hu, 等. Age-of-information-aware PI controller for load frequency control[J]. 现代电力系统保护与控制（英文）, 2023,8(3):1-15. DOI： 10.1186/s41601-023-00311-z.

Dan Jiao, Changzheng Shao, Bo Hu, et al. Age-of-information-aware PI controller for load frequency control[J]. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2023, 8(3): 1-15. DOI： 10.1186/s41601-023-00311-z.

摘要

Open communication system in modern power systems brings concern about information staleness which may cause power system frequency instability. The information staleness is often characterized by communication delay. However

communication delay is a packet-centered metric and cannot reflect the requirement of information freshness for load frequency control (LFC). This paper introduces the age of information (Aol)

which is more comprehensive and informative than the conventional communication delay modeling method. An LFC controller and communication are integrated into the design for LFC performance improvement. An Aol-aware LFC model is formulated first

and considering each allowable update period of the smart sensor

different Aol-aware PI controllers are then designed according to the exponential decay rate. The right Aol-aware controller and update period are selected according to the degree of frequency fluctuation of the power system. Case studies are carried out on one-area and two-area power systems. The results show the superior performance of the Aol-aware controllers in comparison to the delay-dependent controllers.

Abstract

communication delay is a packet-centered metric and cannot refect the requirement of information freshness for load frequency control (LFC). This paper introduces the age of information (AoI)

and considering each allowable update period of the smart sensor

diferent AoI-aware PI controllers are then designed according to the exponential decay rate. The right AoI-aware controller and update period are selected according to the degree of frequency fuctuation of the power system. Case studies are carried out on one-area and two-area power systems. The results show the superior performance of the AoI-aware controllers in comparison to the delay-dependent controllers.

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