Designing of Robust Frequency Stabilization Using Optimized MPC-(<tex>$1+\text{PIDN}$</tex>) Controller for High Order Interconnected Renewable Energy Based Power Systems

Muhammad Majid Gulzar

doi:10.1186/s41601-023-00286-x

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Designing of Robust Frequency Stabilization Using Optimized MPC-($1+\text{PIDN}$) Controller for High Order Interconnected Renewable Energy Based Power Systems

Original Research | 更新时间：2026-09-30

- Designing of Robust Frequency Stabilization Using Optimized MPC-($1+\text{PIDN}$) Controller for High Order Interconnected Renewable Energy Based Power Systems
- Designing of robust frequency stabilization using optimized MPC-(1+PIDN) controller for high order interconnected renewable energy based power systems
- 现代电力系统保护与控制（英文） 2023年8卷第1期页码：1-14
- 作者机构：
  
  Department of Control & Instrumentation Engineering, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.1186/s41601-023-00286-x
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2023-01-01
- 稿件说明：
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Muhammad Majid Gulzar. Designing of Robust Frequency Stabilization Using Optimized MPC-($1+\text{PIDN}$) Controller for High Order Interconnected Renewable Energy Based Power Systems[J]. 现代电力系统保护与控制（英文）, 2023,8(1):1-14. DOI: 10.1186/s41601-023-00286-x.

Muhammad Majid Gulzar. Designing of robust frequency stabilization using optimized MPC-(1+PIDN) controller for high order interconnected renewable energy based power systems[J]. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2023, 8(1): 1-14.
Muhammad Majid Gulzar. Designing of Robust Frequency Stabilization Using Optimized MPC-($1+\text{PIDN}$) Controller for High Order Interconnected Renewable Energy Based Power Systems[J]. 现代电力系统保护与控制（英文）, 2023,8(1):1-14. DOI: 10.1186/s41601-023-00286-x. DOI：

Muhammad Majid Gulzar. Designing of robust frequency stabilization using optimized MPC-(1+PIDN) controller for high order interconnected renewable energy based power systems[J]. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2023, 8(1): 1-14. DOI： 10.1186/s41601-023-00286-x.

摘要

The challenge of controlling frequency becomes greater as the complexity of a power network increases. The stability of a power system is highly dependent upon the robustness of the controller. This paper presents automatic generation control (AGC) of a four-area interconnected power system along with integrated renewable energy sources of PV and wind energy. The designed model is a challenge given the increased penetration levels of PV and wind along with a thermal-hydropower system. The addition of a hydropower system as a fourth type results in the pole of the open loop system of the hydropower system being located at the right half side of the s-plan. This demands a robust control. A novel MPC (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1+\text{PIDN}$) I is designed for high-order interconnected areas (HOIA) to stabilize the frequency in a robust way. The salp swarm algorithm is adopted to optimize the parameters of the PIDN controller. The performance of the proposed controller under HOIA is tested in a unbalanced load environment with uncertainty in the power system. The proposed controller can effectively handle the frequency disruption by stabilizing it in 0.86s for Area-1

1.08s for Area-2

0.81s for Area-3

and 0.84s for Area-4 with an average time of 0.89s for all the areas

whereas the average time for GWO: PI-PD

MPC/PI and GA-PI is 3.48s

10.36s and 18.47s

respectively. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller when compared to other controllers.

Abstract

The challenge of controlling frequency becomes greater as the complexity of a power network increases. The stability of a power system is highly dependent upon the robustness of the controller. This paper presents automatic generation control (AGC) of a four-area interconnected power system along with integrated renewable energy sources of PV and wind energy. The designed model is a challenge given the increased penetration levels of PV and wind along with a thermal-hydropower system. The addition of a hydropower system as a fourth type results in the pole of the open loop system of the hydropower system being located at the right half side of the s-plan. This demands a robust control. A novel MPC-(1 + PIDN) is designed for high-order interconnected areas (HOIA) to stabilize the frequency in a robust way. The salp swarm algorithm is adopted to optimize the parameters of the PIDN controller. The performance of the proposed controller under HOIA is tested in a unbalanced load environment with uncertainty in the power system. The proposed controller can effectively handle the frequency disruption by stabilizing it in 0.86s for Area-1

1.08s for Area-2

0.81s for Area-3

and 0.84s for Area-4 with an average time of 0.89s for all the areas

whereas the average time for GWO: PI-PD

MPC/PI and GA-PI is 3.48s

10.36s and 18.47s

respectively. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller when compared to other controllers.

关键词

Keywords

references

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3. Gulzar, M. M., Iqbal, M., Shahzad, S., Muqeet, H. A., Shahzad, M., Hussain, M. M. ( 2022 ). Load frequency control (LFC) strategies in renewable energy-based hybrid power systems: A review. Energies , 15 ( 10 ), p. 3488. [Online ] . Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103488.

4. Pathak, N., Ashu Verma, T. S., Bhatti, I. N. ( 2019 ). Modeling of HVDC tie links and their utilization in AGC/LFC operations of multiarea power systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics , 66 ( 3 ), pp. 2185–2197. [Online ] . Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2018.2835387.

5. Guha, D., Roy, P. K., Banerjee, S. ( 2016 ). Load frequency control of interconnected power system using grey wolf optimization. Swarm and Evolutionary Computation , 27, pp. 97–115. [Online ] . Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swevo.2015.10.004.

10. Çelik, V., Özdemir, M. T., Bayrak, G. ( 2017 ). The effects on stability region of the fractional-order PI controller for one-area time-delayed load-frequency control systems. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control , 39 ( 10 ), pp. 1509–1521. [Online ] . Available: https://doi.org/10.1177/0142331216642839.

23. Guha, D., Roy, P. K., Banerjee, S., Purwar, S. ( 2022 ). “Model order reduction of power systems and application of internal model control (IMC) ”. In D. Guha, P. K. Roy, S. Banerjee, S. Purwar (Eds.), Application of intelligent control algorithms to study the dynamics of hybrid power system (pp. 173–197 ). Singapore : Springer. [Online ] . Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0444-8_7.

24. Zhang, X., Li, C. Biao, X., Pan, Z., Tao, Yu. ( 2023 ). Dropout deep neural network assisted transfer learning for bi-objective pareto AGC dispatch. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 38 ( 2 ), pp. 1432–1444. [Online ] . Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2022.3179372.

26. Rehiara, A. B., Yorino, N., Sasaki, Y., Zoka, Y. ( 2019 ). A novel adaptive LFC based on MPC method. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering , 14 ( 8 ), pp. 1145–1152. [Online ] . Available: https://doi.org/10.1002/tee.22912.

27. Gulzar, M., Rizvi, S., Javed, M., Sibtain, D., Salah, R. ( 2019 ). Mitigating the load frequency fluctuations of interconnected power systems using model predictive controller. Electronics , 8 ( 2 ), p. 156. [Online ] . Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020156.

29. Gulzar, M. M., Sibtain, D., Ahmad, A., Javed, I., Murawwat, S., Rasool, I., Hayat, A. ( 2022 ). An efficient design of adaptive model predictive controller for load frequency control in hybrid power system. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems , 2022, pp. 1–14. [Online ] . Available: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7894264.

30. Sibtain, D., Gulzar, M. M., Murtaza, A. F., Murawwat, S., Iqbal, M., Rasool, I., Hayat, A., Arif, A. ( 2022 ). Variable structure model predictive controller based gain scheduling for frequency regulation in renewable based power system. International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields . [Online ] . Available: https://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.2989.

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Designing of Robust Frequency Stabilization Using Optimized MPC-($1+\text{PIDN}$) Controller for High Order Interconnected Renewable Energy Based Power Systems

Designing of robust frequency stabilization using optimized MPC-(1+PIDN) controller for high order interconnected renewable energy based power systems

DOI：10.1186/s41601-023-00286-x

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references