As key water resource projects

reservoirs and their efficient operation are crucial to the society. However

most reservoirs

domestic or international

have been formulating the operating rules based on historical statistical data

and the static rules for planning and design limit their capability of proactive responding to floods and droughts. Recent advancements in meteorological and hydrological forecasting have made forecast informed reservoir operation (FIRO) a research hotspot. This paper discusses the main factors that impact the accuracy of numerical weather forecasts

commonly used hydrological models

and rapidly developing artificial intelligence forecasting techniques. The review also covers the FIRO methods and their applications. Finally

we suggest the comprehensive use of various meteorological and hydrological forecasting products to achieve efficient water resource utilization－including global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based precipitable water vapor

the development of FIRO methods focusing on the vapor-precipitation-runoff three lines of defense

and the construction of deep reinforcement learning operation models that account for the multi-blocking effects of cascade reservoirs.