As global climate change intensifies and extreme events occur more frequently

the safe and stable operation of hydro-wind-solar multi-energy complementary systems faces great challenges

necessitating a rational evaluation of the resilience of these systems under extreme event disturbances. This study first elaborates on the complementary characteristics of hydropower

wind

and solar energy

and examines the types of disturbances confronted by these integrated systems. Then

a new concept of resilience for a complementary system is discussed

and a three-stage conceptual model for resilience is developed. Based on this framework

we select monthly

seasonal

and annual timescales and specify power output thresholds for the complementary system

and formulate an evaluation index and methodology for resilience assessment based on power output loss. Finally

to evaluate the resilience

a case study is conducted on a clean energy base in the upper Yellow River. The assessment results validate the effectiveness of the evaluation index and methodology. Notably

hydropower energy demonstrates superior resilience compared to wind and solar power

and the system’s overall resilience is enhanced significantly through utilizing the complementary nature of hydropower

wind

and solar energy. This study helps decision-making for resource allocation

scheduling strategies

and safe operation of integrated hydro-wind-solar energy systems.