Recently

green hydrogen gains significant attention among researchers due to its substantial benefits in energy storage. This study investigates green hydrogen production using different photovoltaic technologies under tropical weather conditions

focusing on the impact of power fluctuations during Malaysia’s rainy season. The analysis is based on 15 days of real-time data collected in December 2024

encompassing weather conditions

photovoltaic power output

and hydrogen production rates. Results indicate that daily average solar radiation ranges from 82.16 to 723.58 W/m2

significantly influencing photovoltaic performance. Among the tested photovoltaic technologies

polycrystalline silicon exhibits the highest power output

averaging 464.96 W under an irradiance of 369.92 W/m2

while monocrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon produce lower outputs of 302.02 W and 373.89 W

respectively. Consequently

hydrogen production rates vary accordingly

with maximum values of 191.49 L/h for polycrystalline silicon

108.88 L/h for amorphous silicon

and 68.52 L/h for monocrystalline silicon. Furthermore

solar-to-hydrogen efficiency is higher under conditions of increased photovoltaic power generation

with peak values of 28.94%

16.53%

and 14.82% for polycrystalline silicon

monocrystalline silicon

and amorphous silicon

respectively. These findings highlight the critical role of photovoltaic technology selection in optimizing hydrogen production under fluctuating tropical weather conditions.