This review explores the advancements in solar technologies

encompassing production methods

storage systems

and their integration with renewable energy solutions. It examines the primary hydrogen production approaches

including thermochemical

photochemical

and biological methods. Thermochemical methods

though highly efficient

require advanced materials and complex reactor designs

while photochemical methods offer a simpler alternative but suffer from low conversion efficiencies. Biological hydrogen production presents a low-cost option but faces limitations in scalability and production rates. The review also highlights innovative hydrogen storage technologies

such as metal hydrides

metal-organic frameworks

and liquid organic hydrogen carriers

which address the intermittency of solar energy and offer scalable storage solutions. Additionally

the potential of hybrid energy systems that integrate solar hydrogen with photovoltaics

thermal energy systems

battery storage

and smart grids is emphasized. Despite technical and economic barriers

ongoing advancements in catalyst development

material optimization

and artificial intelligence-driven energy management systems are accelerating the adoption of solar hydrogen technologies. These innovations position solar hydrogen as a pivotal solution for achieving a sustainable and low-carbon energy future.