This study aims to reveal the hydrogen leakage and diffusion characteristics of the hydrogen supply pipeline in a fuel cell patrol vehicle and to evaluate the damage distance following an explosion. Through numerical analysis

the impact of the position

diameter

shape

and direction of leakage holes

as well as ambient wind

on hydrogen diffusion was discussed. The results show that different leakage positions are affected by surrounding objects and the height above the ground

altering the volume and diffusion distance of the flammable hydrogen cloud (FHC). An increase in leakage aperture leads to a significant rise in hydrogen leakage

the volume of the FHC

and the damage range after an explosion. The shape of the leakage hole affects the velocity distribution of hydrogen upon impacting a wall

resulting in a different distribution of the FHC. When the leakage direction is 180°

the volume of the FHC decreases by 79.2%. Environmental winds significantly influence hydrogen diffusion

with lateral winds reducing the volume of the FHC by 74%. The maximum hazard radius of hydrogen leakage is 4.09 m

the maximum distance for multiple fatalities caused by a hydrogen explosion is 1.48 m

and the maximum distance for minor injuries is 6.04 m.