Characterisation of Polytetrafluoroethylene Nozzle Failure in Ultra-High Voltage Circuit Breakers

JianFeng Gao; Zhen Pang; CongRui Zhang; Cheng Chi; RuoYu Xu; Tan Liu; Yu Han; Yi Ding

doi:10.1049/ema3.70040

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Characterisation of Polytetrafluoroethylene Nozzle Failure in Ultra-High Voltage Circuit Breakers

更新时间：2026-09-24

- Characterisation of Polytetrafluoroethylene Nozzle Failure in Ultra-High Voltage Circuit Breakers
- Characterisation of Polytetrafluoroethylene Nozzle Failure in Ultra-High Voltage Circuit Breakers
- Electrical Materials and Applications 2026年3卷第1期
- 作者机构：
  
  1. China Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing,China
  2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology,Beijing,China
  3. Contribution: Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing - original draft
  4. Contribution: Data curation, Writing - original draft, Visualization
  5. Contribution: Writing - review & editing, Visualization
  6. Contribution: Software, Writing - review & editing
  7. Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Europe GmbH,Berlin,Germany
  8. Contribution: Methodology, Formal analysis
  9. Contribution: Writing - review & editing
  10. Contribution: Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization
  11. Contribution: Resources, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.1049/ema3.70040
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2026
- 稿件说明：
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JianFeng Gao, Zhen Pang, CongRui Zhang, 等. Characterisation of Polytetrafluoroethylene Nozzle Failure in Ultra-High Voltage Circuit Breakers[J]. Electrical Materials and Applications, 2026,3(1).

JianFeng Gao, Zhen Pang, CongRui Zhang, et al. Characterisation of Polytetrafluoroethylene Nozzle Failure in Ultra-High Voltage Circuit Breakers[J]. Electrical Materials and Applications, 2026, 3(1).
JianFeng Gao, Zhen Pang, CongRui Zhang, 等. Characterisation of Polytetrafluoroethylene Nozzle Failure in Ultra-High Voltage Circuit Breakers[J]. Electrical Materials and Applications, 2026,3(1). DOI： 10.1049/ema3.70040.

JianFeng Gao, Zhen Pang, CongRui Zhang, et al. Characterisation of Polytetrafluoroethylene Nozzle Failure in Ultra-High Voltage Circuit Breakers[J]. Electrical Materials and Applications, 2026, 3(1). DOI： 10.1049/ema3.70040.

摘要

Polymeric nozzles used in the arcing chamber of high-voltage circuit breakers confine the arc and regulate the gas flow

but are prone to ablation surface damage

stress cracking and other adverse changes when exposed to a harsh arcing environment—a long-standing problem that limits the electrical and mechanical endurance of the switching product. The present work adds fresh experimental evidence to understand the nozzle failure mechanisms by performing a comparative material examination of PTFE composite nozzles for 1100 kV gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) circuit breakers. Both post-service and virgin nozzles were characterised using a range of physical characterisations. These include X-ray diffraction (XRD)

scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Raman spectroscopy

Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results indicate that the mechanical properties of the nozzles

such as the tensile strength and elongation at break

diminished after heavy breaking duty. Molecular chains in the amorphous regions of the PTFE material experienced sliding

rearrangement and fracture while crystallinity increased.

Abstract

Polymeric nozzles used in the arcing chamber of high-voltage circuit breakers confine the arc and regulate the gas flow

but are prone to ablation surface damage

scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Raman spectroscopy

Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results indicate that the mechanical properties of the nozzles

such as the tensile strength and elongation at break

diminished after heavy breaking duty. Molecular chains in the amorphous regions of the PTFE material experienced sliding

rearrangement and fracture while crystallinity increased.

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