Aijia Luo, Nianfeng Tian, Qinglai Guo. Why Computing–Electricity Coordination Has Not Scaled in Practice[J]. Energy Internet, 2026,3(2).
Aijia Luo, Nianfeng Tian, Qinglai Guo. Why Computing–Electricity Coordination Has Not Scaled in Practice[J]. Energy Internet, 2026, 3(2).
Aijia Luo, Nianfeng Tian, Qinglai Guo. Why Computing–Electricity Coordination Has Not Scaled in Practice[J]. Energy Internet, 2026,3(2).DOI: 10.1049/ein2.70031.
Aijia Luo, Nianfeng Tian, Qinglai Guo. Why Computing–Electricity Coordination Has Not Scaled in Practice[J]. Energy Internet, 2026, 3(2).DOI: 10.1049/ein2.70031.
Why Computing–Electricity Coordination Has Not Scaled in Practice
摘要
Abstract
The rapid growth of LLM-driven artificial intelligence (AI) and data center deployment is imposing a new paradigm of massive and highly dynamic power demand on the grid. Volatility in both computing and renewable energy resources introduces severe challenges to power system operation. Although typical computing workloads are technically flexible
their responsive capacity remains largely untapped in real-world scenarios. This paper argues that the main barriers to scalable computing–electricity coordination are not solely technical
but arise from weak electricity cost pass-through
limited cost visibility
and misaligned compute-side incentives. In leasing and cloud-service modes
electricity costs of data centres are often bundled into broader service charges
reducing their influence on workload scheduling. Meanwhile
compute-side actors prioritise GPU utilisation
return on investment
latency
throughput
and service quality over flexible load profiles supporting power-system operation. Therefore
green operational constraints and new pricing mechanisms that expose carbon or electricity signals to compute-side decision-makers are critical to making computing–electricity coordination scalable in practice. Flexible computing loads can support power systems only when technical flexibility is matched with actionable economic