Research on cooperative operation optimization of Nash-Stackelberg game in multiple virtual power plants under multiple uncertainties

Lei Dong; Shuaibo Zhang; Yang Li; Zibo Wang; Binwen Zhang; Hong Zhu; Wenlu Ji

doi:10.1016/j.gloei.2025.10.005

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Research on cooperative operation optimization of Nash-Stackelberg game in multiple virtual power plants under multiple uncertainties

Low-Carbon Energy System Optimization | 更新时间：2026-03-30

- Research on cooperative operation optimization of Nash-Stackelberg game in multiple virtual power plants under multiple uncertainties
- Research on cooperative operation optimization of Nash-Stackelberg game in multiple virtual power plants under multiple uncertainties
- 全球能源互联网(英文) 2026年9卷第1期
- 作者机构：
  
  1. School of Electric Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Changping District,Beijing,PR China,102206
  2. China Electric Power Research Institute, Haidian District,Beijing,PR China,100192
  3. State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., LTD. Nanjing Power Supply Branch,Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,PR China,210019
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.1016/j.gloei.2025.10.005
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2026
- 稿件说明：
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Lei Dong, Shuaibo Zhang, Yang Li, 等. Research on cooperative operation optimization of Nash-Stackelberg game in multiple virtual power plants under multiple uncertainties[J]. 全球能源互联网(英文), 2026,9(1).

Lei Dong, Shuaibo Zhang, Yang Li, et al. Research on cooperative operation optimization of Nash-Stackelberg game in multiple virtual power plants under multiple uncertainties[J]. Global Energy Interconnection, 2026, 9(1).
Lei Dong, Shuaibo Zhang, Yang Li, 等. Research on cooperative operation optimization of Nash-Stackelberg game in multiple virtual power plants under multiple uncertainties[J]. 全球能源互联网(英文), 2026,9(1). DOI： 10.1016/j.gloei.2025.10.005.

Lei Dong, Shuaibo Zhang, Yang Li, et al. Research on cooperative operation optimization of Nash-Stackelberg game in multiple virtual power plants under multiple uncertainties[J]. Global Energy Interconnection, 2026, 9(1). DOI： 10.1016/j.gloei.2025.10.005.

摘要

Abstract

This paper suggests a way to improve teamwork and reduce uncertainties in operations by using a game theory approach involving multiple virtual power plants (VPP). A generalized credibility-based fuzzy chance constraint programming approach is adopted to address uncertainties stemming from renewable generation and load demand within individual VPPs

while robust optimization techniques manage electricity and thermal price volatilities. Building upon this foundation

a hierarchical Nash-Stackelberg game model is established across multiple VPPs. Within each VPP

a Stackelberg game resolves the strategic interaction between the operator and photovoltaic prosumers(PVP).Among VPPs

a cooperative Nash bargaining model coordinates alliance formation.The problem is decomposed into two subproblems: maximizing coalitional benefits

and allocating cooperative surpluses via payment bargaining

solved distributively using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Case studies demonstrate that the proposed strategy significantly enhances the economic efficiency and uncertainty resilience of multi-VPP alliances.

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