This research examines the optimal combination of solar panel and battery capacity in hybrid systems in 11 cities on the island of Borneo

utilizing the region’s significant solar energy potential and high irradiation levels.This research analyses the optimal combination of solar panels and battery capacity in 11 cities in Kalimantan using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithms to maximize energy output

reduce levelised energy costs

and maximally reduce carbon emissions.Results show Tarakan as the most optimal location

generating 215

804.88 kWh for IDR 916.9/kWh and lowering emissions by 435

884.29 kgCO2e

while Samarinda is the least optimal location.Economically

electricity tariffs of IDR 2

466.78/kWh and IDR 2

000/kWh generate a positive Net Present Value (NPV) with a payback period (PP) of 9-12 years

while a tariffof IDR 1

500/kWh is considered unfavorable.The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of PSO and GWO in optimizing the renewable energy system and confirm the project’s financial viability

with a positive NPV and reasonable PP.Implementing renewable energy systems in Kalimantan Island can improve energy effi-ciency and significantly reduce carbon emissions

supporting environmental sustainability goals.