Sleep is a vital component of a healthy lifestyle and plays a crucial role in maintaining overall well-being. Comfortable environments are known to promote better sleep quality

which

in turn

enhances cognitive performance

emotional regulation

and physical health and performance during wakefulness. While numerous studies have explored sleep physiology and its intricate relationship with thermoregulation

predictive models specifically addressing sleep comfort remain limited. Yet

such models are essential for informing the design of optimal sleeping environments in buildings. This paper adapts the general Metabolic-based Predicted Mean Vote (MPMV) comfort model for wakefulness to develop and validate a new model tailored to sleep comfort for both young and older adults. The proposed model modifies the coefficients related to regulatory sweating and non-shivering thermogenesis to reflect the distinct thermoregulatory responses during sleep. Experimental data of thermal sensation votes from published studies conducted in climatic chambers and field studies were collected for the model validation. The proposed model demonstrated strong predictive accuracy

with root mean square error (RMSE) values ranging from 0.30 to 0.44. For comparison purposes

the predictions of Fanger’s PMV model were also included in the study and resulted in a reasonable accuracy

particularly in the comfort range (PMV within ±1)

but with higher overall RMSE values between 0.55 and 0.58. Application of the proposed model to a clothed body in typical summer and winter conditions in urban residences revealed nonlinear relationships between sleep comfort and ambient temperature. Notably

the model indicated lower sensitivity to cold conditions compared to warm ones

due in part to the buffering effect of the bedding microclimate between the human body and exterior environment. In practice

this finding could be used to alleviate some sleep disorders that are more sensitive to warm conditions by lowering environmental temperatures with proper beddings.