The impact of window opening behavior on the indoor thermal environment and coping strategies in passive houses

Zhiwei Guo; Weirong Zhang; Gaofeng Deng; Yunlong Guan

doi:10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.04.003

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The impact of window opening behavior on the indoor thermal environment and coping strategies in passive houses

更新时间：2025-12-05

- The impact of window opening behavior on the indoor thermal environment and coping strategies in passive houses
- The impact of window opening behavior on the indoor thermal environment and coping strategies in passive houses
- 能源与人工环境（英文） 2025年第5期页码：930-940
- 作者机构：
  
  1. Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology,Beijing,China,100124
  2. State Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Built Environment, China Academy of Building Research,Beijing,China,100013
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.04.003
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2023-12-22，
  
  网络出版：2024-04-16，
  
  纸质出版：2025-09-30
- 稿件说明：
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Zhiwei Guo, Weirong Zhang, Gaofeng Deng, 等. The impact of window opening behavior on the indoor thermal environment and coping strategies in passive houses[J]. 能源与人工环境（英文）, 2025,(5):930-940.

Zhiwei Guo, Weirong Zhang, Gaofeng Deng, et al. The impact of window opening behavior on the indoor thermal environment and coping strategies in passive houses[J]. Energy and Built Environment, 2025, (5): 930-940.
Zhiwei Guo, Weirong Zhang, Gaofeng Deng, 等. The impact of window opening behavior on the indoor thermal environment and coping strategies in passive houses[J]. 能源与人工环境（英文）, 2025,(5):930-940. DOI： 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.04.003.

Zhiwei Guo, Weirong Zhang, Gaofeng Deng, et al. The impact of window opening behavior on the indoor thermal environment and coping strategies in passive houses[J]. Energy and Built Environment, 2025, (5): 930-940. DOI： 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.04.003.

摘要

Abstract

China is actively developing passive houses to improve energy efficiency and reduce primary energy use. These buildings have low actual load characteristics

resulting in a smaller air conditioning terminal heating capacity. However

owing to this limited heating capacity

the air conditioning terminal provides modest indoor air regulation. In practice

occupants of passive houses often open windows for ventilation in winter

resulting in an indoor temperature that is lower than the set value

and it takes a long time for the temperature to return to the desired level. There are few studies that have investigated this issue. Two possible solutions to this issue are proposed: first

altering the external wall structure can enhance the thermal response rate

reducing the time needed for temperature recovery. Secondly

limiting the window-opening area can minimize heat loss during ventilation

thereby maintaining a reasonable indoor temperature. Notably

this may inconvenience occupants. Taking a passive house in Qinghai as a case study

this study discusses the influence of window-opening behavior on the indoor thermal environment. Simulations were conducted to study the window-opening behavior considering different window-opening areas and wall structures. Three different wall structures were considered: internal insulation combined with external insulation (IAE)

sandwich insulation combined with external insulation (SAE)

and external insulation structures. The results indicate that the IAE and SAE structures cannot effectively improve the indoor thermal environment after opening a window. Overall

changing the wall structure does not reduce the time required to restore room temperature. However

by limiting the opening area of the window

the room temperature can be effectively controlled. Under the given window opening ratio

the room temperature can be stabilized above 18 ℃. This study offers a practical method for controlling and enhancing the indoor thermal environment

which is applicable to the construction and development of passive houses.

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