碳中和目标下新型电力系统构建及发展路径研究——基于电化碳氢氧氮四元素能源体系的思考

周红军; 白保华; 周颖; 徐春明

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碳中和目标下新型电力系统构建及发展路径研究——基于电化碳氢氧氮四元素能源体系的思考

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- 碳中和目标下新型电力系统构建及发展路径研究——基于电化碳氢氧氮四元素能源体系的思考
- Research on the Construction and Development Path of New Power Systems Under the Goal of Carbon Neutrality——Based on the Energy System of e-CHNO
- 新型电力系统 2023年1卷第1期页码：19-31
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国石油大学(北京)，北京102249
  2.重质油国家重点实验室碳中和联合研究院，北京102249
  3.山东石油化工学院，东营 257061
  4.国网综合能源服务集团有限公司，北京 100052
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "周红军1964‒，男，博士，教授，博士生导师主要从事基于氢能与绿电相关的产业脱碳及CCUS研究等 E-mail：zhouhongjun@cup.edu.cn" ]
  [ "白保华(共同第一作者)1978‒，男，教授级高级工程师主要从事综合能源、微电网与绿氢应用研究等 E-mail：baibaohua@sgecs.sgcc.com.cn" ]
  [ "周颖(通信作者)1990‒，女，博士，讲师主要从事基于绿电绿氢的化工低碳技术研究及开发等 E-mail：zhou.ying@cup. edu.cn" ]
  [ "徐春明1963‒，男，博士，教授，博士生导师，中国科学院院士主要从事石油化工绿色工艺及化学品研究及开发等 E-mail：xcm@cup.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(22108303);碳中和联合研究院自主研发项目(HX20220765);中国石油大学(北京)科研基金项目(2462022BJRC010)
- DOI：
  中图分类号： TK 01
- 收稿：2023-01-19，
  
  修回：2023-02-07，
  
  纸质出版：2023-06-30
- 稿件说明：
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周红军,白保华,周颖,等．碳中和目标下新型电力系统构建及发展路径研究[J]．新型电力系统,2023,01(1):19-31．

ZHOU Hongjun,BAI Baohua,ZHOU Ying,et al.Research on the Construction and Development Path of New Power Systems Under the Goal of Carbon Neutrality[J].New Type Power Systems,2023,01(01):19-31.
周红军,白保华,周颖,等．碳中和目标下新型电力系统构建及发展路径研究[J]．新型电力系统,2023,01(1):19-31． DOI：

ZHOU Hongjun,BAI Baohua,ZHOU Ying,et al.Research on the Construction and Development Path of New Power Systems Under the Goal of Carbon Neutrality[J].New Type Power Systems,2023,01(01):19-31. DOI：

摘要

通过分析新型电力系统中“网”的特点，以荷侧消纳、储能、调峰为突破口，构建电化四元素(e-CHNO)能源体系，包括新型电力系统及氢化能源系统两大部分。其中新型电力系统包括光伏风电、传统电力系统、储能、电力电子、电力电子供能、电化学化工。氢化能源系统包括电化学化工、乡村振兴中的绿碳化工、氢冶金及氢能。基于中国空间特色、绿碳及乡村振兴等因素，预研及构建新型电力系统的网侧、源侧和荷侧新场景。指出建设新型电力系统需要构建e-CHNO能源体系来支撑。虽然国家已规划一期、二期、三期新能源大基地，多地也相继出台氢能规划，但对电化学化工、电力电子供能、乡村振兴中的绿碳化工重要性认识不足。在e-CHNO能源体系中传统电力系统是基础，光伏风电是重构引领力量，而电化学化工、储能、电力电子供能及电力电子是新型电力系统构建的三大核心方向，氢能、氢冶金、绿碳及乡村振兴是电化学化工系统中新生的产业新方向。通过构建电动汽车→电烯氢及电制碳酸二甲酯(DMC)等绿碳化学品→电氨尿素及电甲醇制烯烃(MTO)→可再生氨及甲醇燃料→氢能产业等产业拉动路径，促进光伏风电产业发展及技术进步，实现绿电价格的不断下降，将逐渐重塑或颠覆中国DMC、合成氨尿素、甲醇、石油炼化、煤电等产业，重构钢铁产业，形成新生绿碳及氢能产业。建议发挥举国体制优势，以地方政府、行业头部企业及国家三个层面组织示范，发挥光伏风电绿电主导，电化学化工产业主导及电网主导的各自优势，结合优势场景建各类产业园进行示范突破，继而全国推广复制，支撑中国“30·60”双碳目标实现。

Abstract

By analyzing the characteristics of the “grid” in new power systems

this paper takes load-side consumption

energy storage

and peak savings as breakthroughs to construct an e-CHNO energy system

which consists of new power systems and hydrogenated energy systems. The new power systems include photovoltaic power

wind power

traditional power systems

energy storage

power electronics

power electronics-based energy supply

and electrochemical engineering. The hydrogenated energy systems include electrochemical engineering

green-carbon chemical engineering in rural revitalization

hydrogen metallurgy

and hydrogen energy. Given China's spatial characteristics

as well as its green carbon

rural revitalization

and other policy goals

this paper researched and constructed new scenarios of the grid side

source side

and load side of the new power systems. Based on these characteristics

this paper argues that building the new power systems needs to be supported by building the e-CHNO energy system. Although the central government has planned for the first

second

and third stages of new energy bases and many provinces have also issued hydrogen energy plans

there is still insufficient understanding of the importance of electrochemical engineering

power electronics-based energy supply

and green-carbon chemical engineering in rural revitalization. In the e-CHNO energy system

the traditional power systems are the foundation

while photovoltaic power and wind power are the leading force for reconstruction

with electrochemical engineering

energy storage

and power electronics-based energy supply and power electronics as three critical directions for building the new power systems. Hydrogen energy

hydrogen metallurgy

green carbon

and rural revitalization are new industrial directions in the electrochemical industry system. To promote the development and technological progress of the photovoltaic power and wind power industry and realize a continuous decline in the price of green power

this paper proposes some industrial promoting paths

such as electric vehicles → electric olefin hydrogen and electric synthesis of green-carbon chemicals such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC) → electric ammonia urea and electric methanol MTO → renewable ammonia and methanol fuel → hydrogen energy industry. This paper also argues that this will gradually reshape China’s DMC

synthetic ammonia urea

methanol

petroleum refining

coal power

and other industries

as well as restructure the steel industry and form a new green carbon and hydrogen energy industry. This paper further suggests taking the advantage of the nationwide system and building pilot projects from three levels

including the local government

leading industrial enterprises

and the central government

to give full play to the respective advantages of the photovoltaic wind power and green power

the electrochemical industry and power grids. This will involve building various industrial parks in combination with advantageous scenarios to make demonstrations of breakthroughs

and then successful pilot projects will be promoted and replicated nationwide to support the realization of China’s 30·60 carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.

关键词

Keywords

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