Aiming at low emergency response efficiency and prominent safety hazards of small and medi ⁃ um-sized reservoirs caused by low engineering standards

poor monitoring capabilities

low professional level of personnel and scattered regulation authority under the background of frequent extreme weather events

taking the small and medium-sized reservoirs in Yuanping City

Shanxi Province as study ob ⁃ ject

and combining with operation practice

a dynamic closed-loop emergency regulation mechanism of "early warning-analysis-regulation-feedback" and a three-level risk prevention and control system of "prevention-handling-recovery" have been established. Three core solutions

namely "hierarchical au ⁃ thorization+collaborative regulation"

"empirical formula+case matching" and "low-cost engineering+ef⁃ ficient non- engineering measures"

have been innovatively proposed. The response to extreme rain ⁃ storms of three reservoirs with different management entities in Yuanping City in 2023 verified that the emergency response time was shortened by 57%

the regulation accuracy was improved by 35%

and the risk of downstream flooding was reduced by more than 60%

providing a feasible

replicable and low- cost safety response plan for small and medium-sized reservoirs in the northern temperate monsoon re ⁃ gion.