Aiming at high water-pressure

great ground stress

high ground temperature

large deformation

difficult supporting and other problems in the construction of deep and long tunnels

the superiority and disadvantage of tunnel construction method are conducted

such as drill-blasting method

TBM method

and TBM bored pilot+enlarging method. TBM bored pilot+enlarging method provides a new idea for tunnelling design of deep and long tunnels. Due to the remarkable differences in geological condition between deep tunnels and shallow tunnels

there are three crucial problems for TBM construction

namely

rockburst

TBM jamming (large deformation)

and construction accidents (water gush

mud burst

etc.) attributed to inaccurate geological prediction. In order to detect the occurrence of TBM jamming

theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of TBM construction are conducted in deep soft rock and hard rock under certain geological conditions. The results show that the jamming occurs in deep soft rock

but never happens in intact hard rock.