When batter pile group are under lateral load

the foundation piles in pile group are subjected to radial load

axial load and bending moment. In order to study the influence of axial load on lateral bearing capacity of batter piles

large-scale model tests of three single piles and a 1×2 batter pile group have been conducted in a larger soil tank. It is found that the upward axial force on the pile top decreases the lateral stiffness and the lateral ultimate bearing capacity of batter pile; while the downward axial force enhances the horizontal stiffness and the lateral ultimate bearing capacity of batter pile. Based on the assumption of wedge failure of the shallow soil around piles

considering the influence of axial load on piles

a formula for calculating the lateral ultimate resistance force of soil is deduced. Then

a p-y curve method for resistance force of soil around piles is proposed. Finally

the formula and the proposed p-y curve method for batter pile are verified by model tests and field tests.